Suriname: Macroglossini
Hyles and Xylophanes

Thorax with dark green-brown tegulae except for anubus; dark green-brown head. Dark brown, dark green, distinct, apical, transverse post median line. Dark brown shading in or outside cell area. Xylophanes amadis amadis Fw o. m. concave, then convex. Slightly s-shaped dominant pml, inwardly traced with white. inner post median lines are very weak if present. Thin, distinct, dentate sbtrmnl line, greenish inner shading. Double row of abdominal dots; no abdominal midline. Greenish shades fade to brown. X. epaphus Fw o. m. hollowed out below apex, then very convex. generally pale with pinkish tint frequently greenish tints along costa, & in pm area. Conspicuous, slightly concave, apical postmedian line. Note continuous band of dark brown hairs across upper abdominal segments; pale thoracic stripe does not extend onto head. Xylophanes anubus anubus Xylophanes anubus is somewhat similar in forewing pattern to X. amadis amadis, but note absence of dark green-brown tegulae, which are instead concolorous with rest of thorax and abdomen. Also note pm line of anubus meets inner margin considerably closer to anal angle.

Xyl. neoptolemus Mesothorax and metathorax with pale grey medial band, continues onto abdomen as pair of thin lines, enclosing darker olive-green or brown median line. These three lines more distinct than in loelia. Fw region between pml1 and pml4 distinctly yellow, contrasting with pinkish coloration of wing. Black subapical dot very small. Submarginal lines form sharp angle anterior to M3. Very vibrant reddish hw band. Xylophanes loelia Lines on abdomen a series of closely spaced dots, rather than solid lines. Fw region between pml1 and pml4 consistent with colour elsewhere. Hw upperside with median band redder than in libya but paler than in neoptolemus, reaching the costal margin and with an irregular inner edge; marginal band more even than in Xylophanes libya, narrow, sharply defined, not dentate near M2.

Xylophanes ceratomioides Fw o.m. slightly scalloped. Abdomen: three narrow, longitudinal lines; outer lines posteriorly divergent and expanded into triangular spots. Costa: conspicuous subapical, apical black spots, largest subapical spot triangular with inner point directed basally. Median area running out to apex: pale brown with scattered black scales on veins; discal spot small, black. First four pm lines dissipate preapically before reaching costa, weak fifth line runs to apex. First line slightly sinuate. Second-fourth lines very scalloped near inner margin. Oblique postmedian band dark with sinuate black lines within it, inner edge slightly undulate, outer edge deeply excavate from CuA2 to just above M3, forming a pale brown, oval patch; marginal area with black vein spots. Xylophanes media Similar to ceratomioides. Fw o.m. less rounded below M2 than in ceratomioides; very slightly undulate. Abdomen: three narrow lines; outer lines posteriorly divergent, not expanded into small triangular spots. Fw elements more diffuse than in ceratomioides. Costa lacking subapical, apical black spots. Most distal antemedian line, most basal postmedian line meet on i. m. as in guianensis. Pm band not clearly developed. Hw subbasal, median bands: pale grey, shaded with brown, median band edges especially diffuse. Xylophanes guianensis Fw o. m. quite scalloped. Outer abdominal lines not posteriorly divergent. Fw costa: several conspicuous subapical and apical black spots, more proximate than ceratomioides, the largest subapical spot quadrate. Pm lines clearly visible within the postmedian area, almost straight, except toward inner edge of wing (not scalloped as in ceratomioides) Most distal antemedian line and most basal postmedian line meet on inner edge of forewing upperside; pale brown excavated area on outer margin of postmedian band narrow (more so than in Xylophanes xylobotes), rectangular and not well defined due to the visible presence within it of the third, fourth and fifth postmedian lines. Pale bands of hindwing upperside intermediate in coloration between those of Xylophanes ceratomioides and Xylophanes xylobotes. Xylophanes th. thyelia Very small species. Head: dark longitudinal line, bordered ventrally with buff, above antenna. Tegula: dark brown median line, bordered on each side by pale grey stripe, irrorated with pale purple. Abdomen: brown midline, bordered by narrow grey lines; brown lateral line present on segments 2-4, bordered ventrally by pale buff line that continues posteriorly to segment 7. Short dark line present basal to first postmedian line, reaching as far as discal spot. First, second, third pmls arise almost from wing base, quite oblique. First pml reaches to just beyond M1; second ppml reaches Rs4; third & fourth pmls very narrow, close, sometimes fused for part of their length distally, running from Rs4 to M3, below which they become diffuse series of minute spots (continuous and distinct below M3 in Xylophanes thyelia salvini). Pal area between second, third pmls. Fifth pml runs from apex to M3 as gradually broadening triangular patch. Apical area bounded by costa, fifth postmedian line and Rs4, and tornal area bounded by M3, second postmedian line and CuA2, both pale brown and buff, with scattered individual black scales; Rs4, basal to second postmedian line, highlighted with buff over distal half. Hw: almost uniform grey-brown. Median band barely visible. X. colinae Abdominal lines like ceratomioides, but outer lines more continuous from segment to segment. Smaller than ceratomioides and guiananesis, with more rounded wings, even more strongly scalloped outer forewing margin than guianensis. Most distal antemedian line and most basal postmedian line meet along i. m. Pale brown excavated area on outer margin of postmedian band as in ceratomioides but narrower, appearing smaller. Hw: subbasal, median bands orange-brown; off-white in ceratomioides and guianensis. Xylophanes titana Xylophanes elara * X. haxairei * X. chiron nechus * Very distinct species, unlikely to be confused with other species. Xylophanes pistacina Fw apex slightly produced, pointed. O. m. hollowed out below apex, evenly convex to anal angle. G.c. variable: greenish-buff. Three subparallel am lines, angled at CUA1. First two pm lines form broadly preapical, prominent, straight, slightly oblique, dark band. Third pml very faint. Fourth pml distinct, vein dots. Fifth pml curved from apex, continuous with greenish olive patch from M2 to M3. Xylophanes tyndarus* Xylophanes pluto Tegulae: dark brown edges. Fw apex slightly produced, pointed. O. m. hollowed out below apex, evenly convex, smooth or slightly crenulate, to anal angle. Five subparallel am lines, evenly convex. First pml thin but distinct, slightly oblique, recurved toward body at costa. Additional pmls very dentate, less distinct. Prominent white subapical, basal-median suffusions. X. po. continentalis * Xylophanes rufescens G. c.: buff with scattered black spots, most concentrated on costa, and rusty-brown spots and markings. Am lines: incomplete bands of irregular black dots/blobs in convex arc from below costa, terminating before i. m.. Rusty brown pm band is broadly preapical, subparallel to straight outer margin. Broad rusty brown convex arc just outside cell, semicirular rusty brown curve outside pml from M1 to CUA1. Xylophanes ploetzi Xylophanes fusimacula

Xylophanes t. tersa Tegulae: strong orange midline. Abdomen: four strong pale brown lines over orange g. c., weaker midline, outer lines. strong orange lateral bands Fw o.m. slightly convex below hollowed out subapical area. 1rst, 2nd pmls fused basally. 3rd, 4rth pmls thin over light background. 5-8th pml thicker, but weak basally. Hw pale yellow spots generally elongating toward apex, more basal closer to margin. Thin orange suffusion above cream fringe.